Relation between Selenium and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review / Relação entre o selênio e a fertilidade feminina: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To analyze the influence of selenium in female fertility. Data sourceA search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and Europe PMC. The descriptors selected were "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". The search interval was from 1996 to 2021. Study selectionThe evaluation was performed independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer confirmed the inclusion of papers in case of divergence between the first two reviewers. Papers were selected after the title and abstract were read, and those that met the eligibility criteria had the full text read. Data collectionThe following data was extracted: author, year of publication, country, type of study, objective, method, sample size, follow-up period, patients' mean age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and concentration of serum and capillary selenium. The data was organized in chronological order of paper publication. Data synthesisThe number of papers identified totaled 3,800, out of which 7 were included in the systematic review. The studies indicated a positive correlation between serum selenium and antioxidant concentration in the follicular fluid, reduction in antithyroid antibodies, oocyte production and follicle number. Conclusion Selenium supplementation is promising in women with this micronutrient deficiency to promote improvement of the reproductive efficiency and prevent damage to the pregnancy. Further studies on this theme are still required.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a influência do selênio na fertilidade feminina. Fonte dos dadosUma busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect e Europe PMC. Os descritores selecionados foram "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". O intervalo de busca foi de 1996 a 2021. Seleção dos estudosA avaliação ocorreu de maneira independente por dois revisores, sendo que um terceiro corroborou a eleição dos artigos em casos de divergência. Os estudos foram selecionados através da leitura do título e resumo, e aqueles que contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade foram lidos na íntegra. Coleta dos dadosOs seguintes dados foram extraídos: autor, ano de publicação, país, tipo de estudo, objetivo, método, tamanho da amostra, tempo de acompanhamento, média de idade das pacientes, critérios de inclusão e exclusão, concentração de selênio sérico e capilar. Os dados foram organizados em ordem cronológica de publicação do estudo. Síntese dos dadosForam identificados 3.800 artigos e incluídos 7 estudos na revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva entre o nível de selênio sérico e a concentração de antioxidantes no fluido folicular; diminuição dos níveis de anticorpos antitireoidianos; produção de oócitos, e número de folículos. Conclusão A suplementação de selênio é promissora em mulheres com deficiência do micronutriente, a fim de promover melhora na eficiência reprodutiva e prevenir danos na gravidez. Salientou-se a necessidade de realização de mais estudos sobre o tema.

Perspectivas de una producción sostenible en acuicultura multitrófica integrada (IMTA): una revisión / Prospects for sustainable production in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA): a review

RESUMEN La acuicultura tradicional se enfrenta a serios problemas medioambientales, particularmente por el uso de grandes volúmenes de agua, con las consecuentes descargas de efluentes ricos en nutrientes inorgánicos y partículas orgánicas. Un ejemplo claro de esto está en que del 20 al 30% del nitrógeno presente en la proteína del alimento suministrado es aprovechado por los peces, el restante 70-80% es desechado en el cuerpo de agua producto de la excreción y el alimento no consumido, lo que favorece la eutrofización de aguas receptoras y su entorno. Por lo anterior, se requiere el desarrollo de tecnologías y prácticas de producción innovadoras, responsables, sostenibles y rentables. Una de las alternativas que está generando interés, debido a sus implicaciones ambientales, económicas y sociales, es la producción en sistemas de acuicultura multitrófica integrada (IMTA). Este concepto se basa en la integración de diferentes niveles tróficos en un mismo sistema, lo que resulta en una conversión de los residuos de cultivo de unas especies en alimentos o fertilización para otras especies. Aplicada, la producción IMTA puede mejorar la sostenibilidad de la acuicultura al reducir el impacto de los efluentes y generar mayor rentabilidad económica, debido a la producción simultanea de dos o más productos finales y al uso mínimo de fertilizantes. El objetivo de la presente revisión es presentar los fundamentos básicos de los sistemas de IMTA, como una alternativa a los sistemas de producción en piscicultura.

ABSTRACT Traditional aquaculture faces serious environmental problems, particularly due to the use of large volumes of water, with the consequent discharge of effluents rich in inorganic nutrients and organic particles. A clear example of this is that only 20 to 30% of the nitrogen present in the protein of the supplied food is used by the fish. The remaining 70 to 80% is disposed of in the water body as a result of excretion and unconsumed food, favoring the eutrophication of receiving waters and their environment. Therefore, the development of innovative, responsible, sustainable, and profitable technologies and production practices is required. One of the alternatives that is generating interest due to its environmental, economic, and social implications is the production in integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems (IMTA). This concept is based on the integration of different trophic levels in the same system, which results in a conversion of the culture residues of some species into food or fertilization for other species. Applicated, the IMTA systems can improve the sustainability of aquaculture by reducing the impact of effluents, generating greater economic profitability due to the simultaneous production of two or more end products and minimal use of fertilizers. The objective of this review is to present fundamentals basic aspects of IMTA systems, as an alternative to fish farming production systems.

Agronomic and Economic Interactions between Sidedressed Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizations on Atlantic Potato

Abstract Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in potato crop planting synergistically increase tuber yield, but there are no studies on this interaction in sidedressing. In two experiments with 'Atlantic' potato combinations of four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) with four K2O rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) were applied in sidedressing in a 4×4 factorial scheme with three replications in a completely randomized design. Adjacent commercial fields were sampled to economic comparisons with experimental results. Significant interaction between N and K sidedressing rates with tuber yields increase also was confirmed and classified as Liebig-synergism. Compared to the isolated N and K applications in sidedressing, joint N and K fertilizations, respectively, increases by 11% and 48% marketable tuber yields in the summer-fall experiment, and 12% and 7% in the spring experiment. Joint N and K applications as sidedressing was more profitable than planting fertilization, mainly at higher N and K rates. The response of specific gravity of 'Atlantic' potato tubers to the N and K sidedressing rates was mediated by interactions between edaphoclimatic conditions and inputs of N and K. The combined application of N and K sidedressing rates increased specific gravity in the summer-fall experiment, but had a negative effect in the spring experiment. Therefore, our results provide strong evidence that the fertilization management for potato crop in Brazil can be modified by applying higher amounts of N and K in sidedressing to match nutritional needs of the crop.

Evaluation of infertility efficacy of the E. coli expressed STF2-GnRH vaccine in male cats

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the hypothalamus and anti-GnRH antibodies are not formed under normal conditions. However, administration an excess of recombinant GnRH protein results in the formation of anti-GnRH. We evaluated the efficacy of the recombinant Salmonella typhimurium flagellin fljB (STF2)-GnRH vaccine in inducing infertility in 17 intact male cats. The first vaccination and a boosting vaccine was injected for examination. Serum was obtained from blood collected at monthly intervals and anti-GnRH antibodies and testosterone concentrations were determined. Six months after the vaccination, testicular samples are obtained and used for histological examination. Compared with sham control group, the injection groups showed an increase in anti-GnRH antibody titers and testosterone concentrations tended to be reduced in the injection groups and increased in the control group. Histological evaluations and Johnsen's testicular biopsy scores revealed testicular hypoplasia in the 2 injection groups. Consequently, normal sexual maturation with sperm production was observed in the control group. In contrast, the cats that received the GnRH vaccine showed weak (2 of 7 cats) or moderate (4 out of 7 cats) dose-dependent infertility effects. On the basis of the results, the STF2-GnRH vaccine was identified to be effective in inducing infertility in male cats. The results of this study thus indicate the possibility of immunological castration targeting feral cats.

Bioensayo para determinar el efecto de cuatro categorías de maca amarilla (Lepidium meyenii) provenientes de la localidad de Huallanca (Ancash) sobre el recuento de espermatozoides en testículo, epidídimo y conducto deferente en animales experimentales / Bioassay to determine the effect of four categories of yellow maca (Lepidium meyenii) from the locality of Huallanca (Ancash) on the sperm count in the testicle, epididymis and vas deferens in experimental animals

INTRODUCCIÓN: El consumo de hipocótilos de Lepidium meyenii (Maca), una planta nativa de los Andes centrales del Perú, tiene importantes efectos en la fertilidad. El motivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el efecto de las diferentes categorías (catalogadas así desde la primera calidad hasta la cuarta calidad de acuerdo al tamaño de los hipocótilos); el efecto de diferentes pH (ácido, natural y alcalino) y el efecto de las vías de administración (orogástrica vs intraperitoneal). Como respuesta biológica se evaluará el recuento espermático en ratones de la cepa Swiss. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron cuatro tamaños diferentes de maca amarilla provenientes del distrito de Huallanca, Departamento de Ancash, ubicado a 4250 msnsm. Se realizaron tres bioensayos considerando el pH acidificado con ácido clorhídrico (pH=4), el pH normal, y alcalinizado con hidróxido de sodio (pH=8). Para cada bioensayo se utilizaron 35 ratones, los cuales fueron administrados con agua destilada (control), un extracto atomizado estandarizado de maca negra (control positivo) y extractos acuosos de las cuatro categorías con una cantidad de 5mg de maca durante 3 días en un volumen de 0.5mL por animal y también se evaluó el efecto de dos vías de administración (orogástrica e intraperitoneal). Después del tratamiento los ratones fueron sacrificados evaluándose la producción diaria de espermatozoides en testículo, y el conteo espermático en epidídimo y conducto deferente. Se consideró un P<0.05 como significante. RESULTADOS: La primera y segunda categoría, ambas tuvieron los valores más ácidos de pH y la mejor actividad biológica. Los extractos acuosos de maca de primera y segunda categoría con el pH acidificado presentaron un efecto significativo sobre el conteo de espermatozoides en todos los órganos estudiados, seguido del extracto acuoso de pH natural, mientras el extracto acuoso alcalinizado no presentó efecto (P>0.05). La vía de tratamiento más efectiva fue la orogástrica, obteniéndose un elevado recuento espermático (P<0.05) a diferencia de la vía intraperitoneal (P>0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: El extracto acuoso de maca amarilla acidificado de primera categoría mostró el mejor efecto sobre el recuento de espermatozoides en los diferentes órganos reproductivos y la mejor vía de administración fue la orogástrica, lo que sugiere que el pasaje gastro-intestinal promueve la producción de principios activos.

Factors affecting the success of resynchronization protocols with or without progesterone supplementation in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate factors that influence the success of resynchronization protocols for bovines with and without progesterone supplementation. Cow synchronized and not found pregnant were randomly assigned to two resynchronization protocols: ovsynch without progesterone (P4) supplementation (n = 66) or with exogenous P4 administered from Days 0 to 7 (n = 67). Progesterone levels were measured on Days 0 and 7 of these protocols as well as 4 and 5 days post-insemination. Progesterone supplementation raised the P4 levels on Day 7 (p 3.5 had increased P/AI values while cows with BCS < 2.75 had decreased P/AI rates after P4 supplementation. Primiparous cows had higher P4 values on Day 7 than pluriparous animals (p = 0.04) and tended to have higher RRs (p = 0.06). Results of this study indicate that progesterone supplementation in resynchronization protocols has minimal effects on outcomes. Parity had an effect on the levels of circulating progesterone at initiation of the protocol, which in turn influenced the RR.

Qilin Pills combined with clomiphene for idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of Qilin Pills combined with clomiphene on idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly assigned 300 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia to a trial (n = 156) and a control group (n = 144) to be treated with Qilin Pills (6 g, tid) combined with clomiphene (50 mg, qd) and clomiphene alone (50 mg, qd), respectively, both for a course of 12 weeks. Before and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of medication, we determined sperm concentration, the percentages of grade a and grade a + b sperm, sperm motility, and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T), followed by evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Qilin Pills with the pregnancy rate in the patients' spouses as the secondaty therapeutic indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the baseline, both groups of patients showed remarkably improved semen parameters and hormone levels after treatment (all P < 0.01). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of medication, statistically significant differences were observed between the trial and control groups in sperm concentration ([17.06 ± 2.24] vs [15.07 ± 2.48], [22.10 ± 2.65] vs [18.11 ± 2.97], and [28.13 ± 3.59] vs [21.21 ± 3.60] x 10(6)/mL, P < 0.01), the percentage of grade a sperm ([15.03 ± 2.39] vs [13.08 ± 2.51], [21.08 ± 3.16] vs [16.04 ± 3.05], and [28.08 ± 4.70] vs [20.14 ± 4.74]%, P < 0.01), the percentage of grade a + b sperm ([30.10 ± 5.07] vs [26.21 ± 3.96], [38.08 ± 5.64] vs [30.07 ± 4.80], and [48.04 ± 6.49] vs [35.28 ± 4.77]%, P < 0.01), sperm motility ([42.04 ± 4.86] vs [40.29 ± 4.19], [52.05 ± 5.58] vs [48.03 ± 4.40], and [65.03 ± 5.13] vs [56.67 ± 4.99]%), the FSH level ([7.75 ± 1.38] vs [7.20 ± 1.17], [10.83 ± 1.23] vs [9.10 ± 1.32], and [14.22 ± 0.84] vs [12.06 ± 1.45] IU/L, P < 0.01), the LH level ([10.05 ± 1.68] vs [9.18 ± 1.54], [13.96 ± 1.68] vs [11.99 ± 1.71], and [19.01 ± 2.42] vs [15.86 ± 2.08] IU/L, P < 0.01) and the T level ([19.19 ± 192] vs [18.34 ± 1.79] [21.06 ± 1.63] vs [20.06 ± 1.56], and [24.63 ± 1.06] vs [22.03 ± 1.49] nmol/L, P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate in the patients' spouses was significantly higher in the trial than in the control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (1.92 vs 0.69, 4.81 vs 3.47, and 11.54 vs 8.33%, P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in drug tolerance between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qilin Pills combined with clomiphene can evidently improve the seminal quality and hormone level of oligoasthenospermia patients with no obvious adverse events. However, its long-term efficacy and tolerance deserve further clinical investigation.</p>

Efeito da categoria reprodutiva sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído e resfriado a 5ºC por 12 horas de armazenamento / Effect of mare status on fertility of inseminated mares with jackass semen diluted and cooled at 5ºC for 12 hours

Estudou-se o efeito da categoria reprodutiva sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído, resfriado e armazenado. Os ciclos foram acompanhados por palpação retal e rufiação, sendo as inseminações realizadas às terças, quintas e sábados, a partir da detecção de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5cm de diâmetro, em um dos ovários, até a ovulação. O sêmen de cinco jumentos da raça Pêga foi diluído nos diluidores de leite em pó desnatado-glicose ou glicina-gema de ovo, resfriado a 5ºC e armazenado por 12 horas, sendo a dose inseminante de 400 x 106 espermatozoides móveis (no momento da diluição final, pré-resfriamento) depositada no corpo do útero. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por meio de palpação transretal, rufiação e ultrassonografia, realizada a cada 14 dias. Os resultados de 195 ciclos, referentes a 141 éguas, foram agrupados de acordo com a categoria reprodutiva a que pertenciam: potra, égua solteira, égua parida e no "cio do potro". As taxas de concepção, ao primeiro ciclo, foram de 60,00%, 48,28%, 75,00% e 47,17% e, após quatro ciclos, de 61,54%, 47,13%, 54,76% e 47,17%, na mesma ordem para as categorias descritas anteriormente. A categoria reprodutiva não teve efeito (P>0,05) sobre a fertilidade das éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino resfriado, sendo as potras, éguas solteiras, éguas paridas e no "cio do potro" igualmente eficientes para o uso na reprodução...

The effect of the mare status on fertility of mares inseminated with diluted, cooled and stored jackass semen, was studied. The cycles were controlled by transrectal palpation and teasing, and mares were inseminated every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, from the detection of a follicle with 3.0 to 3.5cm diameter in one of the ovaries until ovulation. The semen of five Pêga jackasses was diluted in skim milk-glucose or in egg yolk-glycine extender and cooled at 5ºC for 12 hours, with the inseminate dose of 400 x 106 motile spermatozoa (at the moment of the final dilution, before cooling). The inseminations were carried out in the uterine body. Pregnancy was detected using transrectal palpation, teasing and ultrasound exams every 14 days. The results of 195 cycles of 141 mares were grouped according to the mare status: maiden, barren, lactation or in foal heat. Pregnancy rates for the first cycle were 60.00%, 48.28%, 75.00% and 47.17%, and after four cycles, the pregnancy rates/cycle were 61.54%, 47.13%, 54.76% and 47.17%, respectively for maiden, barren, lactation and in foal heat mares (P>0,05). The mare status did not affect pregnancy rates of mares inseminated with diluted and cooled jackass semen and were efficient to use on reproduction...

Efeito da idade sobre a fertilidade e perdas embrionárias de éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído e resfriado a 5ºC por 12 horas de armazenamento / Effect of age on fertility and embryonic loss of mares inseminated with jackass semen diluted and cooled at 5ºC for 12 hours

Estudou-se o efeito da idade sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído, resfriado e armazenado. Os ciclos foram acompanhados por palpação transretal e rufiação, sendo as inseminações realizadas às terças, quintas e sábados, a partir da detecção de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5cm de diâmetro, em um dos ovários, até a ovulação. O sêmen de cinco jumentos da raça Pêga foi diluído nos diluidores de leite em pó desnatado-glicose ou glicina-gema de ovo, resfriado a 5ºC e armazenado por 12 horas, sendo a dose inseminante de 400 x 106 espermatozoides móveis (no momento da diluição final, pré-resfriamento). Os resultados de 195 ciclos estrais, referentes a 141 éguas, foram agrupados em classes, de acordo com a idade das éguas: 2,5 a 6 anos, 6,5 a 10 anos, 10,5 a 14 anos e 14,5 a 19 anos. As taxas de concepção, ao primeiro ciclo, foram de 68,42%, 50,75%, 46,88% e 52,17% e, após quatro ciclos, de 69,57%, 47,92%, 46,34% e 45,71% para as faixas etárias de 2,5 a 6, 6,5 a 10, 10,5 a 14 e 14,5 a 19 anos, respectivamente (P>0,05). A idade não teve efeito sobre a fertilidade das éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído e resfriado...

The effect of the mare age on fertility of mares inseminated with diluted, cooled and stored jackass semen was studied. The females were controlled by transrectal palpation and teasing, and inseminated every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, since the detection of a 3.0 to 3.5cm follicle diameter, in one of the ovaries, until ovulation. The semen of five Pêga jackasses was diluted in skim milk-glucose or in egg yolk-glicine extender and cooled at 5ºC for 12 hours, with the inseminate dose of 400 x 106 motile spermatozoa (at the moment of the final dilution, before cooling). The results of 195 cycles of 141 mares were grouped, in accordance with the age: 2.5 to 6 years, 6.5 to 10 years, 10.5 to 14 years and 14.5 to 19 years. The pregnancy rates for the first cycle were 68.42%, 50.75%, 46.88% and 52.17%, and after four cycles, the pregnancy rates/cycle were 69.57%, 47.92%, 46.34% and 45.71%, respectively for 2.5 to 6, 6.5 to 10, 10.5 to 14 and 14.5 to 19 years (P>0,05). The mare age had no influence on fertility, using diluted and cooled jackass semen...

Lymphotherapy induce an increase of blocking factors and correct infertility problems / La Linfoterapia induce aumento de factores bloqueadores y corrige problemas de infertilidad

This study aimed to confirm the presence of Blocking Factors (BFs) in Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) from female normal reproducer and sub-fertile rabbit inoculated with two injection of the allogenic lymphotherapy (LIT) to analyze its effect on rate fertility and pregnancy success. The BFs measuring was done intervening MLC with MTT-Formazan non-radioactive technique. It was demonstrated BFs presence in MLC in female rabbit groups. In sub-fertile female reproducers treated with allogenic lymphotherapy a significant increase in the level of FBs after every LIT was observed, as well as a rate fertility increase. Furthermore, it was established that BFs act on cell proliferation inhibiting the MLC of other species, clearly indicating that the inhibit effect of the BFs is inter-specific and no intraspecific as had sustain until now.

Esta investigación se basó en un modelo experimental de origen animal, dirigido a comprobar la existencia de factores bloqueadores (FBs) del cultivo mixto de linfocitos (CML) en grupos de conejas reproductoras normales y subfértiles. A los animales de experimentación se les aplicó dos dosis de Linfoterapia (LIT) alogénica, con el fin de analizar sus efectos en el aumento de la tasa de fertilidad y del éxito gestacional. La medición de los FBs se realizó mediante CML con la técnica no radioactiva MTT-Formazan. Se comprobó la existencia de FBs del CML en todos los grupos de conejas estudiados. En conejas reproductoras subfértiles tratadas con LIT alogénica se observó un incremento significativo de los niveles de los FBs después de cada LIT, así como el aumento en la tasa de fertilidad de las mismas. Además, se estableció que los FBs de proliferación celular actúan inhibiendo el CML de otras especies, lo que indica claramente que el efecto inhibitorio de FBs es interespecífico y no intraespecífico como se ha sostenido hasta ahora.

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer

The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts that were present during a wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fermentation, the changes in its physico-chemical properties and levels of plant nutrients were investigated. LAB increased rapidly during the first 7 days and were the dominant population until after day 21 when the LAB were declining and the yeasts began to dominate. Identification of the LAB and yeasts to species level showed that the dominant LAB throughout was Lactobacillus plantarum while Lactobacillus pentosus was found but only at day 21. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most dominant species of yeast throughout but was slowly replaced by Pichia membranifaciens and then Pichia anomala. Rhodotolura mucilaginosa, an aerobic yeast, was only detected at the beginning of the fermentation process. It is suggested that the Pichia spp. were responsible for consuming lactic acid. After 56 days, the values of pH, acetic acid, ethanol and electrical conductivity in the fermented product were 3.66, 3.34 g L-1, 16.98 g L-1 and 14.47 mS cm-1, respectively. Increased amounts of plant nutrients were present at day 56 mostly derived from the degradation of plant material. At day 56 the amounts were as follows (in mg L-1): N 633, P 1210, K 4356, Ca 693, Mg 536, Mn 7, B 51, Zn 169, and total carbon/total nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) 18. Based on the seed germination index (GI) of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), the extract diluted 256-fold gave the best GI of 157 percent.

Aislamiento e identificacion de 10 cepas bacterianas desnitrificantes a partir de un suelo agricola contaminado con abonos nitrogenados proveniente de una finca productora de cebolla en la laguna de Tota, Boyaca Colombia / Isolation and identification of ten bacterial denitrifying stocks from a planting soil contaminated with nitrogen rich fertilizer from an onion farm in Laguna de Tota Boyaca Colombia

Este articulo presenta los resultados de la versatilidad adaptativa y tolerancia de una consorcio bacterianoconstituido por 10 cepas bacterianas endémicas de un suelo agrícola contaminado, proveniente de una fincaproductora de cebolla ubicada en la laguna de Tota en Aquitania, Boyacá, Colombia, expuesto al uso incontroladode fertilizantes nitrogenados. La consorcio bacteriano aislado del suelo está conformado por: Bacillusmegaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter sp, Propionibacterium sp, Peptoestreptococcus sp, Sthaphylococcus coagulasa negativa, Corynebacterium sp, Clostridium sp y Actinomyces sp. Se demostró que los microorganismos aislados tienen capacidad desnitrificante in vitro,transformando el nitrato a nitrógeno molecular. La consorcio bacteriano aislado se constituye en una alternativa de biorremediación para recuperar suelo agrícola contaminado con exceso de fertilizantes nitrogenados.

Efectividad de la terapia con leuprolide acetato de depósito cada tres meses en pubertad precoz central / Effectiveness of Leuprolide acetate therapy every three months in central precocious puberty

Background: Precocious puberty may reduce final adult height, and affected children may suffer social and emotional problems. The efficacy of treatment with a long acting agonist analogue of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (aLHRH) has been well demonstrated. Aim: To evaluated the efficacy of a new formulation of aLHRH (leuprolide, Lupron ®) for the suppression of gonadotropin activation and clinical signs of puberty. Material and methods: Eleven children (ten females) with idiopathic central precocious puberty, with a mean chronological age of 7.5±1.8 years and a bone age of 9.7±1.8 years were recruited. Testicular volume in the male was 15 ml. In females, Tanner stage for breast development was between 2-4 and mean ovarian volume was 2.3±0.8 ml. They were treated during 18 months with aLHRH, 11.25 mg administered intramuscularly every three months. Results: Clinical, hormonal and ultrasonographic signs of puberty regressed in all patients. The degree of suppression of LH was 87.7±5.1% at the end of the 18 months. No significant changes in bone mineral content were observed during the treatment period. Conclusions: Leuprolide (aLHRH) 11.25 mg, injected every three months, is effective for the control of central precocious puberty and allows to reduce the number of yearly injections from 12 to 4.

Efecto de sistemas de labranza e incorporación de abono verde (lablab purpureus L) sobre la respiración edáfica en un yermososol háplico / Effect of tillage systems and green manure (lalab purpureus L) incorporación on edafic respiration in a haplic yermosol

La adopción de sistemas de labranza reducida y utilización de abonos verdes en áreas de riego en México ha sido muy limitada, a pesar de múltiples reportes sobre los beneficios de tales prácticas. La preparación convencional de suelos, con un paso de arado, uno o dos rastreos y escasa incorporación de residuos orgánicos, ha propiciado una severa degradación del suelo, sobre todo en zonas áridas de baja fertilidad natural y principalmente en el contenido de materia orgánica (MO). Se evaluó el efecto de labranza convencional, reducida y mínima, y del uso de abono verde, en la recuperación de fertilidad en un suelo árido con pobres características nutrimentales y contenido de MO del 0,54 por ciento. Como abono verde se utilizó el frijol dolichos Lablab purpureus en dos condiciones (con o sin incorporación) y se consideraron dos fechas de muestreo. Las muestras de suelo a 0-30cm mostraron incrementos (promedio) de MO (0,12 por ciento), K (12,64mgúkg-¹) y actividad microbiana (36,6 por ciento) en el segundo muestreo con respecto al primero, previo a la incorporación del abono verde. Las parcelas con incorporación de abono tuvieron incrementos de MO (0,17 por ciento), K (12,46mgúkg-¹) y tasa de respiración (48,3 por ciento) en los primeros 10cm de suelo, respecto a las parcelas sin incorporación. Las variables estudiadas fueron analizadas en conjunto por correlación canónica (ACC) utilizando el programa CANOCO, cuyos resultados muestran un incremento significativo tras la incorporación del abono verde con respecto al contenido de carbón mineralizado, macronutrientes (N, P y K) y MO

Study of anti-fertility effect of lemon seeds (Citrus limonum) in female albino mice.

Among the citrus species, Citrus-limonum is native of North West region of India. The petroleum ether, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Citrus-limonum (lemon) seeds were investigated for anti-fertility effect in female albino mice. The extracts were administered orally for 7 days after insemination (i.e. post-ovulatory test). The control group received 4% gum acacia. The animals were examined for implantation sites on 10th day of pregnancy and the number of pups delivered at term for each group was recorded. The alcoholic extract showed significant anti-fertility effect as compared to petroleum ether and aqueous extracts. The alcoholic extract was subjected for fractionation and the fractions were again tested for their anti-fertility effect. The fraction of ethyl-acetate (12-25 fractions) showed most encouraging anti-fertility activity. In second part of the study, the alcoholic extract and its ethyl-acetate fraction (12-25 fractions) were subjected to evaluation of their mechanism of action and it was found that their principal mode of action is as an anti-zygotic agent. Withdrawal of the test drug, resulted in complete restoration of fertility. Thus the ethyl-acetate fraction (12-25 fractions) of alcoholic extract of lemon seeds exerted reversible anti-fertility effect in female mice by virtue of its anti-zygotic action.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (106). Viable left tubal twin ectopic pregnancy

Live twin ectopic gestations are extremely rare. There are more than 100 reported twin tubal pregnancies but less than ten have foetal cardiac motions demonstrated in both embryos. We describe an additional patient with live twin ectopic gestation. A 32-year-old woman presented with increasing left-sided abdominal pains. She had a high beta-hCG level and a significant history of subfertility with previous surgical intervention. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed viable left tubal twin ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery. Factors that contribute to the risk of ectopic pregnancy, diagnosis and the management of this condition are described.

El uso de compostas como alternativa ecológica para la producción sostenible del Chile (capsicum annuum L): en zonas áridas / The use of compost as an ecological alternative for sustainable production of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) in arid zones

El Chile (Capsicum annuum L.) es una de las especies cultivadas más importantes en México y muchos otros países. Uno de los problemas más importantes que actualmente enfrenta no sólo este cultivo, sino la agricultura en general, es la pérdida de la fertilidad del suelo. Conociendo la importancia de la materia orgánica en el suelo, se realizó un experimento con la variedad de chile Anaheim TMR 23 en un suelo yermosol háplico. Como tratamiento, se aplicaron tres dosis de composta (25, 50 y 100t-ha-1). Estos tratamientos se compararon con una parcela testigo sin la aplicación de composta, con el fin de determinar la dosis para obtener una mejor producción. Se evaluó en el suelo la humedad del suelo, capacidad de campo, humedad aprovechable, porosidad total, densidad aparente, densidad real y punto de marchitamiento permanente. Los resultados mostraron que las dosis mayores mejoraron todas estas variables físicas del suelo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P=0,05) en lo que respecta al rendimiento, sin embargo, se muestra una tendencia de mayor rendimiento en la dosis de 25t-ha-1. La mayor producción de frutos sí presentó diferencias significativas (P=0,05) y correspondió a la dosis de 25t-ha-1. Con base en estos resultados se recomienda la aplicación de dicha dosis para este tipo de suelos yermosol háplico para el cultivo del chile, mientras que las dosis mayores (50 y 100t-ha-1) se recomiendan para mejorar las características físicas del suelo en condiciones áridas en plazos cortos de tiempo

Fuentes de polucion difusa y grado de contaminacion por nitratos en los suelos agricolas en el abanico de Punata / sss

La aplicacion del fertilizante organico de estiercol en la abanico es en general normal y bajo, disminuyendo su uso hacia la base, siguiendo la direccion de los flujos. Es decir que mientras existe un desplazamiento hacia la depresion lacustre la aplicabilidad de estiercol disminuye. El uso del fertilizante quimico urea es en general bajo y normal siguiendo el mismo patron que el caso del estiercol. La contaminacion por nitratos en el todo el Abanico de Punata es practicamente nula no pasando de 10 mg/a de nitrato, excepto en el apice donde existe una contaminacion muy baja (no mayor de 20 mg/L de nitratos) y en la zona colindante a la depresion lacustre donde aumentan el grado contaminacion, manteniendose baja (no hay a 30 mg/l de nitrato)...